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Essay Writer For Students

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Cheap Essay Writing Service By Best Essay Writers At 15% Off

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Cheap Essay Writing Service By Best Essay Writers At 15% Off

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Cheap Essay Writing Service By Best Essay Writers At 15% Off

Cheap Essay Writing Service By Best Essay Writers At 15% Off We know you hate to proofread or revise your paper as soon as it's written. However, that should not be the explanation for dropping marks in your essays. You can simply make your essays error-free without a lot hassle actually. For the advantage of our readers, we offer you recent, useful and informative content material frequently. Essay Mama is house to a broad range of writing companies depending in your wants. Place an order, loosen up and one of our skilled writers will do it for you. Every college essay writer from our group can write a brilliant paper without any grammar or punctuating mistakes. The market of academic writing providers could be very aggressive. We know that there are tons of other firms that give you similar to our companies. We intend to provide one of the best service to all the students. This is why we rent native and experienced essay writing helpers in our staff. We use a very strict recruiting course of to pick out the most effective essay writing helpers in Australia. Moreover, our specialists deal with all types of formatting whether you should format your paper in MLA, APA, Chicago or Harvard style. They right the whole content material from scratch and use all superior instruments to remove plagiarism. First of all, we kindly ask to supply all attainable certificates and official paperwork to show a better degree and experience in a selected area. In case this professional doesn't have enough expertise in the space, we find a totally different person to complete the task. Besides, we do the same in case a author you requested is unavailable so that no time is wasted within the meantime. With tight daily schedules, she or he has to make time for enjoyment, pals, and different actions. Keeping these items in mind, Academic writing Pro has emerged as the best Essay Writing Services for the students. If you are on the lookout for such a service, which might take the burden off your shoulders, so you're on the right place, click right here. All papers are written from scratch by our writers and then are checked for plagiarism. You won’t ask for quite a few revisions whereas dealing with us. Such approach lets us hire solely the best on-line essay author who is always ready to fulfill the very best requirements and any academic requirements. And earlier than we even think about working with a specific writer, we ask her or him to complete a few tasks to evaluate his English level in addition to fields of interest. All that is done so that we can know for positive how good is the author working on your assignment and the way well he or she understands the topic. You can ensure that your important duties are in the best hands. Thus, you'll always get informative papers from our essay writing help that will be of high value. Arranging the collected data - Once the knowledge is collected, our writers organise the information according to the requirement of the essay. This way, your essays comprise a logical order in it. How do you're feeling when you put lots of effort after an essay and still get decrease scores as a result of petty mistakes? Our specialists look at all the documents to keep away from any kind of frauds and cheating. The second stage consists of passing additional tests and special trainings. A candidate will get an invite to hitch our staff solely in case of success. Excellent writers deliver work with a 100% money-again assure. Strict quality filters for plagiarism are additionally designed, offering used, or recycled content is simply not our style. Creating the trust of the customer, we want them to make use of this service repeatedly, making strict insurance policies for high quality work. We consider that school and faculty life are the best a part of any college students’ life. Whether it's for a coursework, for content creation online or for other use, we can certainly allow you to provide you with the best content material. At Academic Writing Pro, all writers are natives here and assure plagiarism free work.

Pathophysiology Of Lung Cancer - Free Essay Example

Lung cancer can be defined as a neoplasm in the lungs cells, either small-cell or non-small cells. Also, the cancer can start in the lungs, or elsewhere in the body, and travel through the blood to the lungs. Lung cancer has one main protagonist that causes it; smoking. Undoubtedly, the numbers are high; is the third most common cancer in the United States (VanMeter Hubert, 2015). Nevertheless, the recurrence has lowered, but the mortality is high. According to the American Cancer Society, by 2018, there would be around 234,030 new cases of lung cancer; 154,050 deaths from lung cancer, impacting almost equally women and men. (American Cancer Society, 2018). Furthermore, African-American men are more susceptible to develop this disease as well with around a 20% chance (American Cancer Society, 2018). Etiology Smoking is the main predisposing factor when it comes to lung cancer, which is around 90% the causative agent in developing it (Ridge, McErlean, Ginsberg, 2013, p. 96). Additionally, being a passive inhaler can also be a major risk factor in developing lung cancer. The major culprit are the chemicals in cigarettes which cause changes in the lung tissues. For instance, chemicals like asbestos and radon are some of the major chemicals that when inhaled are detrimental for the lungs tissues and cells (Ridge, McErlean, Ginsberg, 2013, p. 96). When it comes to cells, genetic material can sometimes play a role in either developing lung cancer or being exempt from it. Nevertheless, a non-smoker and a smoker can both develop lung cancer. Also, all of the above factors contribute to developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which also contributes to developing lung cancer as well. Once a person survives lung cancer, that survivor status places the individual at risk for recurring lu ng cancer as well. On the other hand, other risk factors for include age, gender, and lifestyle as well. The older a person is, the more likely he or she is to develop cancer which can also metastasized as lung cancer too. Lastly, it has always been proven that an active lifestyle is one of the major preventions of any type of diseases, but some risk factors cannot be change, like age. Pathophysiology Process There are three types of lung cancer: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and small-cell lung cancer. When it comes to causes like COPD and how it relates to lung cancer, it must be observed at a cellular level. COPD is known for the inflammation that forms in the lungs, this inflammation is the result of various irritants that were inhaled, and the body is reacting to them (Miao et al, 2018). Many cells are part of this inflammation in COPD like macrophages, epithelial cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and T and B lymphocytes. This prolonged edema causes emphysema in the lungs which is damage to the air sacs that enable the gas exchange during the breathing process. While this is happening, the body will try to compensate by coughing and showing hypertension. Since there is an obstruction in the lung tissues, there will be an inadequate oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange as well. In hindsight, all these cellular level degenerative problems happen as well in smoke rs lungs; since cigarettes contained several carcinogenics and irritants. Clinical Manifestations The manner in which cancer manifest in the body happens in numerous ways, nevertheless signs do not show when the cancer is in its early stages. For instance, shortness of breath and cough are the main signs since there is a buildup of mucus in the bronchioles and the body compensates with coughing to excrete the mucus. Nevertheless, due to the immense edema and emphysema, the mucus remains in the lungs. Moreover, the signs stated above also cause shortness of breath since the alveolus cannot expand properly; the inspiration/expiration is incomplete. There is also coughing up blood (hemoptysis) which is a sign of major tissue damage in the lungs. As result of the excessive inflammation in the lungs, individuals will experience chest pain since the pleural is inflamed and irritated with the coughing and emphysema. Consequently, as the lung cancer progresses, the more pain and complications an individual will experience. If left untreated, lung cancer can metastasize to other regions i n the body through the circulatory system. If it metastasizes, cancer will be fatal to the individual. Diagnostic There are a couple of diagnostic tests physicians employ to detect lung cancer. For instance, an imaging test like an X-ray of the chest portion, would show any abnormal growths on the lungs like nodules or masses. Also, others imaging tests that would give physicians a clearer image are CT scans which would show small lesions that would not be shown in a chest X-ray. Furthermore, a more specific or clearer test on a microcellular level would be a sputum cytology test. Samples taken from the lungs would be examined under a microscope to detect any abnormalities on a microscopy level. Also, a biopsy can be performed, which takes a collected portion of neoplasm to check for abnormal cells. Other test that would also aid in the diagnostic procedure would be testing the oxygen levels in the lungs and blood.

Similarities between Plato and Freud on the Nature of Mind Free Essay Example, 2250 words

This paper illustrates that the Platonic dialogue, The Republic, gives a scholarly approach to the early roots of psychology to the existence of modern psychoanalysis of Freud. In this analog, Plato asserts that human is made of the soul. He viewed the soul as immortal and explained the concepts of the mortal body. In his theory, Plato views death as a process by which the soul is released from the mortal body. The Platonic theory asserts that the human soul exists in three divisions and he explained them as, the Reason, the Spirit, and the Appetite, each with its own reasoning powers and goals. In his explanation, Reason functions to seek the absolute truth and to pursue the supper good for the person as a whole. Spirit is associated with love of honor, praise and winning while Appetitive soul judges by appearance and seeks human desires such as food, water, and sex among others. Accordingly, Plato asserts that, for harmony to occur within the soul, Reason must take control of the Appetite and the Spirit. Here, Reason regulates Appetite in judging its true desires and training Spirit on the need to serve its goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Similarities between Plato and Freud on the Nature of Mind or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Therefore, reason assumes the role of moral judgment within the human soul. Among the astonishing facts of human species is the ability to interpret the world from the moral perspective. Put differently, the human species can evaluate objects and events (and even themselves) not solely based on the pragmatic goodness of badness but the moral goodness or badness as well. This applies in respect of well-known norms of the right and the wrong. Arguing from the moral perspective, human beings discuss, contemplate, and debate concepts such as virtue and justice. They also ponder about nature (for instance, whether human beings are good or evil naturally). In addition, humans imagine the borders of what they can do. They contemplate about the future prospects and the kind of personalities they would like to have.

Discrimination Against Women in the Workplace - 2418 Words

Discrimination against Women in the Workplace Jessica Holmes Professor Williams April 10, 2012 From the beginning of time the male and female have been expected to perform certain roles in society. Males have been expected to work and provide for their family while the female raises the children, cooks, cleans and keeps the house in order. Today many women have broken that tradition and are starting their careers and becoming more independent. Even though females today are braking away from that stereotype, they are being discriminated in the work place because there are still individuals out there that believe that women should play a certain role and that they are not strong enough to work in a cooperation or†¦show more content†¦There are women that work more hours then their male counterparts and women still make less in salary. A second key issue is the hiring process. Many companies prefer to hire men over women for a positionregardless of their education or experience. Some reasons this may be is because most females have to balance work and family duties which may be a huge barrier in helping advancement in an organization, so an employer may prefer to hire a man who will not come with the baggage of children or the issue of balancing work and family duties. During an interview some women are not hired because they cannot be taken seriously because some may wear too much make-up or their pants suit or skirt may be too tight. Women that are pregnant are also sometimes not considered for a position because the manager may worry about the women wanting time off work on maternity leave. This may not be a direct financial concern about paying women while on maternity leave. Its more about the cost of replacing and training someone to cover their role while they are off. A third issue in the discrimination of women in the workplace is sexual harassment. Sexual Harassment is described as a form of gender discrimination that is in violation of Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Even though it is a violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 there is still sexual harassment in the workplace today. The majority of sexual harassment complaints in the work place come from woman.Show MoreRelatedGender Discrimination Against Women in the Workplace1203 Words   |  5 PagesThesis: Women face considerable sexual discrimination in the world of work, significantly limiting their employment prospects and subsequent advancement in their careers. Gender Discrimination Against Women In The Workplace Traditionally, women have been considered to be the weaker sex and subordinate to men. Moreover, their roles have been assigned to domestic and childrearing duties. The job market is male dominated, and women are often considered to be out ofRead MoreGender Discrimination Against Women During The Workplace1088 Words   |  5 PagesGender Discrimination Against Women in the Workplace We have made a lot of strides for women in the workplace in the past couple of decades but the problem that still remains is discrimination. A women just wants to be treated like others in the workplace and not to be harassed, judged, looked down or might not be considered for the position because she is a women. According the Department of Labor Statistics 57% of women participate in the labor force, 70% of these women have children underRead More Discrimination Against Women in the Workplace Essay example1181 Words   |  5 Pagesemployment discrimination was eliminated by the Civil Rights Act in 1964, many women continue to undergo unfair and unlawful discrimination in the workplace. Even though women have come a long way, they are still being discriminated against in certain fields of work. High-end jobs, most commonly large companies and medical fields, continue to discriminate against women even though they have the same job qualifications as men. There are many different ways in which women are discriminated against in theRead MoreThe Problem Of Discrimination At The Civil Rights Act Of 1964991 Words   |  4 PagesAlvarez and Moser explore the problem of discrimination in the large company Walmart. Many female employees claim were their discriminated against in the workplace and sued the company for the unfair treatment in salary and promotion. This article shows the information of lawsuit cases for large company. The company had more awareness suing from the employee and needed to prevent it. I will use this source for backing ground for my argument. It shows 500,000 female employees files for the lawsuitRead MoreGender Discrimination At The Workplace1165 Words   |  5 PagesGender discrimination in the workplace is a recurring issue in businesses today. Employees are given the right by their employers to be protected from discrimination and inequality in the workplace. In just about every business setting today, men and women work together in the same fields, jobs, and projects. However, it has only been up until (relatively) recently that men and women have been in competition for the same jobs. With the predetermined assumptions of the different roles between bothRead MoreEthics of Workplace Discrimination Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesWorkplace ethics are standards or codes that determines right and wrong moral behavior in the work environment. Discrimination is defined as â€Å"the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.† (Oxford Dictionary) Workplace discrimination deals with issues such as religion, race, gender, disability, age, and sexual orientation. Covering all of these issues is beyond the scope of this paper, therefore, I will focus onRead MoreThe Wage Gap Between Men And Women1337 Words   |  6 PagesMen and women. Even the name of the female gender is derived from the male species. Fo r years, women have been discriminated against in an array of areas such as politics, at home, and in the workplace. The most debated area of gender discrimination is the wage gap between men and women. After reviewing the following facts, it is obvious women are essentially just as valuable as men, and therefore should be treated equally in the workplace. The pay gap between males and females has been a topic thatRead MoreEssay about Sex Discrimination 1597 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Discrimination involves action toward individuals on the basis of their group membership; Baron and Byrne (1994) defined discrimination as prejudice in action. Discrimination can take a very overt form (e.g., refusal to hire women into certain jobs), but in many instances, gender discrimination involves the degree to which the workplace is open to versus resistant to the participation of women. Although many discussions of gender discrimination have focused on the ways managers andRead MoreWorkplace Discrimination : Tips For Executives, Managers, And Students1261 Words   |  6 Pages David A. Robinson wrote a short book, Workplace Discrimination: Tips for Executives, Managers, and Students to Increase Productivity and Reduce Litigation, in hopes to help managers and future managers avoid illegal discrimination and avoid discrimination lawsuits. Robinson began with telling about Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"I have a dream† speech and compared it to the time today to American President Barak Obama. From Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s speech to the inauguration of American PresidentRead MoreGender Based Pay And Promotion Discrimination1104 Words   |  5 Pagesand Moser explore the claims of gender-based pay and promotion discrimination that is fast emerging as the latest challenge for employers seeking to reduce litigation risks. These claims are from recent jury verdicts, pending legislation in Congress, and headline-grabbing court decisions. These court decisions and legislative initiatives raise the specter of a flood of class claims ag ainst employers for pay and promotion discrimination. I will use this source for ground for my argument. It shows 500

Development of Social Media

Question: Discuss about the Development of Social Media. Answer: Social media and Hospitality Industry Nowadays the development of social media has helped many business organizations to run their business socially by providing advertisement in social media. There are millions of users that are going through these sites regularly. Recently one of the most popular industries is growing with the help of social media and that is the hospitality industry. This industry is creating a new foundation in the market as the concept of social media helps to promote the brand name of the industry (Choi et al., 2015). In recent time the company is getting a huge response from the customers as they are provided with a full awareness of their products. Through a proper research, it can be said that social media is the place where we one can communicate with the customers and at the same time develop a good relationship with the help of its communication skills (Aaker, Kumar and Day, 1998). With the help of the social media, the organization can always be in touch with the customers and they can fulfi ll the queries instantly if any such queries take place. Facebook is the biggest social media interface in todays world with over 130 million users and if someone clicks a photo in the hotel and uploads it in Facebook, it would thus become highlighted and will automatically increase the brand value of the hotel. So the hospitality organization is adopting a new method of doing business as they are trying to develop business by the help of social media (Evans and Berman, 1982). Just like other places, there are not too many hotels and it is very hard for the tourist to search for a good hotel and by the help of social media these consumers can easily search for a good hotel at their budget without any problem. Role of social media Social media can be used in different ways depending on who is the one using and how it has been used for better results. Social media works with the help of the Internet and web-based tools which helps to publish information and videos (Guesalaga, 2016). According to the case study, we can give a review that social media marketing is a growing trend nowadays. The people who are working in the hospitality management should keep the benefits of the social media. The way social media is emerging, after few years it will be a part of our daily life. Online marketing has played a great role by using social media and the same strategy is used by the hospitality industry to expand their business (Singh, 2016). In hospitality industry each hotel is different and each hotel should take the step to promote themselves in social media like twitter Facebook, YouTube and corporate pages where high standard businessman as exquisite families follow. There are some international hospitality industries that prefer only some social media for their mode of advertisement (Good and Schultz, 1997). If hotel industry does not use any social media to approach the outer world then they are missing out a huge opportunity to grow their business and they cannot earn a huge name in the market because nowadays digital marketing is the main source of advertising. To stay in the perfect competition market, the hotel has to participate in various online discussion, seminars, and podcasts. Effectiveness of social media on hospitality industry The hospitality industry has managed to understand the effectiveness of social media use (Filiatrault and Lapierre, 1997). There are many advantages of using social media concept as it provides low-cost investment, direct communication with the clients and many more. By the help of social media, the verbal communication is also allowed with the clients. Social media acts as a direct communication method which allows two-way communications between the customers and the organization (Motameni and Nordstrom, 2014). There may be a question why the hospitality industry is using Facebook marketing. This is because Facebook is the main part of social media as it has 130 million users. As a researcher said that the users will increase by the end of this year. To promote itself, the hotel does not need to have a Facebook id as the hotel itself is a brand (Kerin, 2006). They also need to have a page where people can visit and go through their ads. The Facebook page should be customer friendly and it should be well decorated with hotel photos that will attract many customers and it will make an urge to know more which will result in better communication. Another form of broadcasting information is YouTube. YouTube provide videos in the social world where the hotel can upload their videos of rooms as well as parties to attract the customers. Nowadays people are resourceful and they have much knowledge about the hotel pages and videos on YouTube so they can select their hotels and they can plan their holidays as per their choices. Hotels with high brand value should continue their business and they should give healthy offers to the customers, so that more customers will be attracted and they can establish successful online business (Kotler, Jain and Suvit Maesincee, 2002). Social media and Brand loyalty The hotels should provide proper awareness at the time of online booking so that the customers should have proper faith on them. The management is the main pillar of the organization so the management should work according to the brand loyalty. It is also important to note down that the management should use proper way of the social media (McDonald, 1999). But on the other, there are many hotels which lack in resources as they dont have an employee to update images in social media and they even cannot communicate with the customers (Sharma, 2014). These hotels lack in customer service and they lose many customers. Many hotels lack proper customer care support to assist there customers in a better manner. This information are gathered from the findings of the research and also from the reviews provided by the customers. Customer satisfaction The hotel should provide schemes as they should offer some gift vouchers to attract customers. They should provide a holiday for the customers as a grand prize. They should also arrange a competition for its customers and all the information should be updated in the Facebook pages so that the customers should be well informed and most of the customers can join the competition. The winner of the competition should be given a holiday trip package in the hotel to attract customers. As many customers come to the competition, the more will be the brand value of the hotel. The officials must also make sure that the crowd is provided with proper service so that the image of the hotel is built and they provide good reviews to other people about the hotel (Kotler and Armstrong, 2006). The customer should be provided with proper increase brand awareness so the sale volume will increase. References Aaker, D., Kumar, V. and Day, G. (1998). Marketing research. New York: Wiley. Choi, E., Fowler, D., Goh, B. and Yuan, J. (2015). Social Media Marketing: Applying the Uses and Gratifications Theory in the Hotel Industry. Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management, pp.1-26. Evans, J. and Berman, B. (1982). Marketing. New York: Macmillan. Filiatrault, P. and Lapierre, J. (1997). Managing business-to-business marketing relationships in consulting engineering firms. Industrial Marketing Management, 26(2), pp.213-222. Good, D. and Schultz, R. (1997). Technological teaming as a marketing strategy. Industrial Marketing Management, 26(5), pp.413-422. Guesalaga, R. (2016). The use of social media in sales: Individual and organizational antecedents, and the role of customer engagement in social media. Industrial Marketing Management, 54, pp.71-79. Kerin, R. (2006). Marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G. (2006). Principles of marketing. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Kotler, P., Jain, D. and Suvit Maesincee, (2002). Marketing moves. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press. McDonald, M. (1999). Marketing plans. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Motameni, R. and Nordstrom, R. (2014). Correlating the Social Media Functionalities to Marketing Goals and Strategies. Journal of Marketing Management (JMM), 2(3 4). Sharma, A. and Sheth, J. (1997). Relationship marketing: An agenda for inquiry. Industrial Marketing Management, 26(2), pp.87-89. Sharma, M. (2014). An Exploratory Study on the Use of Social Media for Social Marketing. IRJMIS, 1(1), p.8. Singh, S. (2016). Role of Social Media Marketing Strategies on Customer Perception. ANVESHAK-International Journal of Management, 5(2). Taghian, M. (2010). Marketing planning: Operationalising the market orientation strategy. Journal of Marketing Management, 26(9-10), pp.825-841.

Mncs in India free essay sample

MNCs in India By A V Vedpuriswar[1] Introduction With a GDP growth of almost 7 percent1, India is one of the most promising and fastest-growing economies in the world. But despite the huge potential of the country, the performance of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in India has been decidedly mixed. Many MNCs which have succeeded remarkably elsewhere in the world have yet to make a significant impact in India. The market entry and penetration strategies that have worked so well for these companies in other countries have been for less successful in India. Many MNCs have struggled to understand Indian customers and come up with suitable products and services. At the same time, some MNCs have done pretty well for themselves. Why have some MNCs done so well where others have failed? This article is an attempt to provide an intuitive explanation of what determines success in the Indian market place. Background Today, virtually all the big MNCs in the world have operations in India. We will write a custom essay sample on Mncs in India or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These include Unilever, BAT, Colgate Palmolive, Procter Gamble, General Electric, General Motors, Ford, Pepsi, IBM, Intel, Texas Instruments, Microsoft, Oracle and Coca-Cola. India is now considered by many MNCs to be a strategically important market. Historically, the main reason for the entry of MNCs into India was to jump the tariff wall. High import duties made it difficult if not impossible to export finished goods from the home country to India. On the other hand, once they entered the country and set up operations, the countrys high tariffs guaranteed adequate protection. In some cases, the need to customise products necessitated a strong local presence. Unilever set up its Indian subsidiary, Hindustan Lever and gave it full freedom to develop various products to suit local tastes and usage conditions. This would obviously not have been possible if Unilever had only been exporting its products to India. In recent times, other reasons have made India an attractive destination for MNCs. India has emerged as a low cost back office, manufacturing and research base, thanks to its skilled but relatively cheap manpower. In the computer software industry, many MNCs are establishing offshore development centres to tap local manpower. IBM, Accenture, EDS and Computer Associates have all been strengthening their presence in the country. Not only are Indian software workers among the best in the world, when it comes to technical skills but they are also more comfortable with English, compared to their counterparts in countries such as China. Dell and Deloitte have major back office operations in the country. General Electric (GE) is looking at India as an important R base which can contribute to their global knowledge pool. GEs local outfit has filed for several patents in the last couple of years. Nokia has set up three RD centres that work on next-generation packet-switched mobile technologies and communications solutions. Texas Instruments is also doing cutting edge RD work in the country. Varying degrees of success While several MNCs have entered India, not all of them are doing well. This is evident when performances are compared across industries. However, even within a given industry, some MNCs seem to be doing better than the others. Consider the automobile industry. Here, Suzuki and Hyundai are way ahead of formidable rivals such as General Motors, Honda and Ford. Similarly in the FMCG sector, even after allowing for its relative late entry, Procter Gamble (PG) remains a marginal player compared to Hindustan Lever. In some industries, the MNCs have been left high and dry by the local players. In the paint industry, the local player, Asian Paints has beaten the MNCs by a huge margin. Then, there is also the unique case of an MNC, Indian Aluminium (Indal), actually being taken over by an Indian company, Hindustan Aluminium. One must be careful while explaining the good performance of some MNCs and the poor performance of others. An important point to note here is that different MNCs have entered India at different points in time and responded to the needs of the environment accordingly. For example, MNCs which entered India since the 1990s have in general been more aggressive and proactive in a liberalised business environment, than those which began operations during the license Raj. Hyundai, Samsung and LG are good examples. The older MNCs like Bata have also been handicapped by the baggage accumulated over a period of time. Such companies are often at a disadvantage due to their bloated manpower and inefficient manufacturing facilities. Of the 50-plus[2] MNCs with a significant presence in India, the nine market leaders, including British American Tobacco (BAT), Hyundai Motor, Suzuki Motor, and Unilever, have an average return on capital employed of around 48 percent. Even the next 26 have an average ROCE of 36 percent. The most successful MNCs in India have some common characteristics. Resisting the instinct to transplant to India the best practices of other countries, they have treated the country as a strategic market. These companies have also taken a long term view. They have invested time and resources to understand local consumers and business conditions. They have understood that the price points that matter in India are different from those in other countries. In a country where the middle and lower-end segments are critically important, affordability is a crucial factor. At the same time, some of the successful MNCs have also realised that price is not the only factor driving purchase decisions. Value conscious consumers, will pay a premium if the benefits of superior features and quality are seen to far outweigh their cost. LG for example, has reengineered its TV product specifications in order to develop three offerings specifically for India, including a no-frills one to expand the market at the low end and a premium 21-inch flat TV for the middle segment. By keeping the price of the premium offering to within 10 percent of the price of TVs with conventional screens, LG has persuaded many consumers to buy it. These innovations have helped the company to establish a very strong competitive position in the countrys consumer durable-goods and electronics appliances market. The story of Unilever, Bata and Alcan Consider three of the earliest entrants into the Indian market Unilever, Bata and Alcan (India’s parent). The company which demonstrated the highest degree of early commitment to the Indian market was obviously Bata. The shoe major invested in a fairly elaborate distribution network with company owned retail shops in even small towns. Bata also took the bold step of targeting the mass markets instead of just milking the premium segments. It targeted middle class Indians with value-for-money products. Indeed, many Indians do not know that Bata is an MNC. In targeting up-market segments, however, Bata began to deviate from this strategy in the late 1980s. And even as it struggled to deal with the labour problems in its Calcutta factory, Bata saw its market share being rapidly eroded by nimble footed local players such as Liberty. Like Bata, Hindustan Lever Ltd (HLL) also displayed a clear intention from early on to take the Indian markets seriously. It set up a huge distribution network and developed a wide product range. HLL’s efforts to penetrate the rural markets have only taken off in recent times. Compared to local competitors like Nirma and Cavinkare, some of its products look overpriced. Yet, HLL has a strong presence in India that has inspired the awe of other MNCs. Despite struggling to grow in recent years, HLL dominates most of the product categories in which it competes. To give a comparative perspective, global rival Procter Gamble is way behind. HLL also continues to attract the best talent in the country. Today, HLL finds itself at a cross roads. To generate further growth, HLL will have to design from scratch, value-for-money products for the rural markets and further strengthen its rural marketing efforts. But there are signs that under new chairman, Harish Manwani and a new expatriate CEO, Douglas Baillie, HLL is poised for a rebound. Growth is back on top of the agenda. The case of Alcan is even more interesting. Unlike Bata and HLL, Alcan showed little inclination to invest and build its business in India. Essentially, Alcan looked at India as a cheap source of bauxite, the main raw material used in the manufacture of aluminium. It did not build captive power plants, despite being fully aware of the pitfalls involved in depending heavily on the countrys poorly managed State Electricity Boards. Alcan depended heavily on outsourced aluminium metal, having decided not to invest adequately in smelters and power plants, the heart of any aluminium manufacturing process. No wonder Hindustan Aluminium, the leading private sector player in the Indian aluminum industry, through its vertical integration strategy was not only able to maintain its competitiveness but even managed to take over Alcan. Today, HLL, despite its recent growth problems is one of India’s best managed MNCs and one of the star performers in the Unilever group. However, it is facing a distinct threat from cheaper brands. On . the other hand, Bata is attempting a turnaround, trying to regain its focus on the mass markets. This is a major correction from the misplaced strategies of the late 1980s and early 1990s. And Indal, no longer exists, having been taken over by Hindalco. The story of the three MNCs offers useful lessons which we shall summarise at the end of the article. Hyundai’s success If Unilever, Bata and Alcan represent the story of MNCs which entered India very early on, the Koreans symbolize the picture in case of companies which have entered the country in the post reforms era. Take the case of Hyundai, which chose to enter the Indian market, with a small car (Santro) which offers value for money to the countrys price sensitive consumers. Hyundai has also made very heavy investments in manufacturing facilities. After its initial success, Hyundai has started to widen its product range. Hyundai is one of the few MNCs to have established meaningful volumes in India in quick time. The company is among the top three car manufacturers in the country and is now emerging as a real threat to the market leader, Maruti in which Suzuki of Japan has a major stake. There are many lessons to be learnt from Hyundai. The company spent several months customizing Santro. Realising that Indian consumers attach much importance to lifetime ownership costs, Hyundai reduced the engine output of the Santro to keep its fuel efficiency high, priced its spare parts reasonably, and made various changes to the product specifications to suit Indian market conditions. In contrast, other global automakers have entered the market with vehicles with low gas mileage and high repair rates and after-sales service costs. Unlike many of the global auto manufacturers in India which source only about 60 to 70 percent of their components locally, Hyundai buys 90 percent. Hyundai has also plans to make India a global manufacturing hub that can serve other countries as the local market matures. Contrast Hyundai with players like Honda and Ford who have been very tentative about setting up full-fledged manufacturing facilities. The importance of commitment Commitment is important while competing in India. Commitment is often reflected in the entry strategy. Multinationals entering emerging markets often form joint ventures with local partners for a variety of reasons. These include their ability to influence public policy, to leverage existing products as well as marketing and sales capabilities, and to comply with regulatory requirements when foreign participation is restricted to less than 50 percent of a business. While joint ventures can facilitate quick access to important assets, especially in â€Å"strategic† industries like metals and mining and oil and gas, they often run into problems, down the line. As a recent McKinsey article[3] has mentioned, of the 25 major joint ventures established from 1993 to 2003, only 3 survive. Most ran into problems because the local partner couldnt invest enough resources to expand the business as quickly as the multinational had hoped. As a result, most of the multinationals that initially entered the market through joint ventures have disbanded them and pursued independent operations. The Korean multinationals, such as Hyundai and LG, have bypassed joint ventures entirely. They have retained management control and closely monitored the operations, making bold investments when the situation has demanded. By being on its own, LG has been able to move at a fast pace. After starting its operations, within a space of five months, it was able to complete its nationwide launch. Almost all companies took up to two years to complete their all-India launch. LG has the support of its parent not only for technology, but also for financial help. For instance, a substantial portion of the bill for sponsoring the 1999 World Cup cricket tournament was picked up by the parent company. The second aspect of commitment is the investments MNCs make in manufacturing facilities and other infrastructure such as distribution. LG has not hesitated to pump in money. By early 2000, it had invested almost $300 million with plans for investing another $100 million. In recent times, LG has been increasing its production capacity in India, for most products including colour televisions, washing machines, air conditioners, microwave ovens and refrigerators. Nokia is another MNC which has shown strong commitment to the Indian market by making necessary investments. From setting up a manufacturing base for handsets in India to creating financing options for cellphones, to working with cellular operators to reduce airtime costs, Nokia has launched various initiatives to lower the cost of owning and using a mobile phone. Nokia has also established a formidable distribution network that reaches over 25,000 dealers, a network that is about three times the size of Samsungs, six times that of Sony-Ericssons and one-fourth of Hindustan Lever’s (India’s largest fast moving consumer goods company). Nokia has built up this network from scratch by focusing on dealers of fast moving consumer goods (FMCGs) and consumer durables. Many of Nokia’s regional distributors are former FMCG middlemen who find the margins in the mobile phones business more attractive. In the infrastructure business, Nokia Networks has become a key supplier to all five GSM operators in the country; Bharti, BSNL, BPL, Hutchison, and IDEA. Nokia works closely with the operators to lower the total cost of ownership and usage for consumers. A third aspect of commitment is the amount of time and effort spent on understanding Indian consumers and then meeting their needs. LG has worked hard to understand Indian customers and identify features which appeal to Indian customers. LG televisions incorporate golden eye[4] technology and multilingual on-screen displays; refrigerators use preserve nutrition technology and washing machines the chaos punch plus three†[5] technology. LGs commitment to the Indian market can also be judged from its wide product range. In the case of washing machines, LG has been offering 6-kg equipment instead of its usual 4. kg models, to take into account the requirements of large Indian households. Such efforts have paid rich dividends for LG. The company ended 2004 with market shares of 24 % for color televisions, 33 % for washing machines, 41 % for microwave ovens, 26 % for refrigerators and 35 % for air conditioners[6]. With such high market shares, the company looks well placed to consoli date its presence in the country. A vast segment of India’s population resides in rural areas. So understanding the needs of rural customers is a huge issue. This argument is especially applicable to companies marketing consumer goods. But serving rural markets requires plenty of commitment in terms of understanding customer needs, developing products from the ground up and putting in place the necessary infrastructure especially distribution. LG is trying to build on its early success by aggressively penetrating the rural markets and by offering more value for money items. For the rural market, LG has launched a stripped down range of television sets called Sampoorna. Another company which has taken the rural markets seriously is Coca Cola. In the rural areas, Coca Cola has used a three-tier hub-and-spoke distribution model to ensure deeper penetration. The company depot supplies twice a week to large distributors who act as hubs. These distributors in turn supply goods to smaller distributors in adjoining areas. Large trucks are used to move stocks from the bottling plant to the â€Å"hubs†. Medium commercial vehicles are used to move stocks from the hub to the spokes. The small distributors have their own low-cost means like auto rickshaws and cycles, to reach the product to every nook and corner. Coca Cola provides retailers thermo-cool boxes while others with power connections have been offered cold storage facilities under an ‘own-your-asset’ scheme. The company has negotiated big discounts from refrigerator manufacturers and supplied 2. 5 lakh refrigerators to retail outlets in 2003. Finally, commitment is also reflected in the way MNCs deal with local government regulation. In emerging markets like India, where deregulation is still in progress in many industries and the regulatory authorities are themselves often not clear about what needs to be done, companies must be flexible and patient. Regulations governing the India mobile-telephony sector, for example, have been amended several times since 1994. The government had two licensed operators per region back then and now has as many as six. Although most multinationals left the sector when the regulations changed, Hutchison Whampoa continued to invest in India. Today, Hutchison Essar is one of the top three mobile services companies in the country in terms of market share. The most successful MNCs have invested much time and energy to identify and understand the key policy makers and even to suggest regulatory changes. They have resisted the temptation to appoint agents or joint venture partners to liaison with the bureaucrats involved in policy making. Conclusion The above experiences clearly bring home the point that success in the Indian market depends crucially on commitment. This implies a willingness to set up a fully owned subsidiary as opposed to a joint venture, in full fledged manufacturing facilities as opposed to the assembly of completely knocked down kits, in a widespread distribution network as opposed to a limited presence in the major cities and in customised products as opposed to standard offerings from the parent companys product range. It also implies an ability to work patiently within the constraints of the local regulatory framework. Commitment must be backed by flexibility. MNCs must keep fine-tuning their strategy till they have a winning formula in place. It is MNCs which show both commitment and flexibility that are most likely to succeed in India. References 1. â€Å"Hyundai Motors launches multifunctional small car ‘Santro,’ www. ipan. com, 13 January 1998. Mukerjea, BDN. â€Å"The GE  Juggernaut,† www. businessworldindia. com, 22 March 1999. 2. Chhaya; Radhika Dhawan, â€Å"Levers Millennium Project,† Business Today, 7 August 1999, pp. 59-71. 3. Gupta, Indrajit. â€Å"Price of Success,† Business World, 31 January 2000, pp. 20-26. 4. Bhandari, Bhupesh, â€Å"LG pumps up the volume,† www. businessworldindia. com, 6 March 2000. 5. Karmali Naazeen, â€Å" Keki’s legacy,† Business India, 6th March 2000 – 19 March 2000. pp. 85-87. 6. Narayan Sanjay; Jayakar Roshini, â€Å"Lever’s new adventure,† Business Today, 7 June 2000 – 21 June 2000. pp. 72-79. 7. â€Å"Hyundai to invest $ 400 million in India, to unveil Sonata next year,† www. expressindia. com, 9 August 2000. 8. Narayan Sanjay and Jayakar Roshni, Levers new adventure, Business Today, June 7-21, 2000, pp 72-79. 9. Chowdhary Paroma Roy, â€Å"The Unbottling of Coke,† Business Today, January 6, 2001, pp 66-67. 0. Dubey Rajeev and Surendar T, â€Å"The Coca Cola blood bath,† Business World, February 12, 2001, pp 38-41. 11. Lalitha, Srinivasan. â€Å"Hyundai Motors rolls out multi-media ad blitz to relaunch Santro,† www. financialexpress. com, 14 August 2001. 12. â€Å"LG to expand manufac turing capacity in India,† www. prdomain. com, 7 November 2001. 13. Carvalho, Brian. â€Å"Lever – Has Chairman Vindi Banga brought it back on track? † Business Today, 25 November 2001, pp. 50-56. 14. Butler Charlotte and Ghoshal Sumantra, â€Å"Hindustan Lever Limited – Levers for change,† INSEAD case, 2002. 15. LG sees rural markets as thrust areas,† www. blonnet. com, 15 February 2002. 16. Jacob, Anil G. â€Å"Picking rural pockets,† www. business-standard. com, 22 April 2003. 17. Basu, Indrajit. â€Å"Coke bubbles after a decade in India,† www. atimes. com, 26 April 2003. 18. â€Å"Hyundai rolls out Santro Xing — Eyes more exports with `global car,† www. blonnet. com, 23 May 2003. 19. Sengupta Snigdha and Singh Shelly, â€Å"GE India: Captive No More,† www. businessworldindia. com, 29 September 2003. 20. Karmali Nazneen, â€Å"GEs Indian marathon,† Business India, 29 February 2004, 63-38. 21. Swami Parthasarathi, â€Å"In high places,† Business India, 26 April 2004 – 9 May 2004, pp. 44-50. 22. Lancelot Joseph, â€Å"LG No. 1,† Business India, 18 July 2004. 23. Charubala Annuncio; Srinivas Alam,. â€Å"Levers to Rescue Goliath,† Outlook, 13 September 2004, pp. 50-53. 24. â€Å"LG targets Rs. 9000 crore revenue in ’05,† www. economictimesindiatimes. com,5 January 2005. 25. Kohli, Khandekar Vanita, â€Å"The Big Finn,† Businessworld, 7 March 2005, pp. 36 – 42. 26. â€Å"Hyundai to make India production base for Getz,† www. finance. indiainfo. com, 15 May 2005. Mitra, Arnab and Rahul Sachitanand, â€Å"GEs Indian Summer,† www. usiness-todaycom, 5 June 2005. 27. Archna, Shukla. â€Å"The LG juggernaut,† Business Today, 6 November 2005, p- 92. [1] Asst. Vice President (Knowledge Management), Satyam Computer Services. [2] Kuldeep P. Jain, Nigel A. S. Manson and Shirish Sankhe. â€Å"The Right Passage to India,† The McKinsey Quarterly, March  08,  2005. [3] Kuldeep P. Jain, Nigel A. S. Manson and Shirish Sankhe. â€Å"The Right Passage to India,† The McKinsey Quarterly, March  08,  2005. [4] Golden eye technology is meant to reduce the strain on the eye. [5] To facilitate more vigorous agitation. [6] According to ORG GFK data.

Manejar en EEUU auto con placas de México

Manejar en EEUU auto con placas de Mà ©xico Es obvio que en la zona fronteriza los turistas mexicanos pueden ingresar a Estados Unidos manejando sus autos con placas mexicanas. Adems,  nada impide que el viaje se extienda mucho ms all de la frontera y alcance cualquiera de los 48 estados continentales contiguos del paà ­s. Es decir, se excluye Alaska y Hawaii. Para manejar sin problemas en Estados Unidos con un auto con placas de Mà ©xico este artà ­culo explica cules son los requisitos que se deben cumplir, con informacià ³n detallada sobre el seguro del auto. Adems, se  detalla quà © acciones se deben evitar y, finalmente, informacià ³n general pero relevante sobre cruce de frontera y procedimientos migratorios y de aduanas que deben ser tenidos en cuenta. Requerimientos para manejar un auto con placas mexicanas en EE.UU. Todos los dà ­as miles de autos mexicanos cruzan la frontera por los puentes internacionales. Generalmente, limitan sus viajes a unas pocas millas dentro del territorio estadounidense y se regresan inmediatamente pero nada impide estancias ms largas y alejadas de la zona fronteriza. Para no tener problemas, hay que tener en cuenta los siguientes puntos: En primer lugar, el chà ³fer mexicano debe tener una licencia de manejar de su paà ­s vlida. Adems, si va a adentrarse a estados no fronterizos serà ­a conveniente que antes de salir de Mà ©xico adquiriese una licencia internacional de manejar, que es una traduccià ³n a varios idiomas, incluido el inglà ©s, de su licencia. En segundo lugar, el automà ³vil debe tener placas y registracià ³n vlidas.   En tercer lugar, tener en cuenta que en las aduanas y fronteras de los Estados Unidos, los  autos viejos  pueden ser rechazados para ingresar  por incumplir con los requerimientos medioambientales. Por lo tanto, verificar que se est al dà ­a en el cumplimiento de estos requisitos, principalmente cuando se trata de un auto viejo. En cuarto lugar, un auto mexicano puede estar en manos de un turista hasta un mximo de un aà ±o. Pero,  si se va a estar ms de 30 dà ­as en el mismo estado, comprobar con el Department of Motor Vehicles del estado en el que se encuentre sobre si hay algà ºn requerimiento adicional que cumplir. Destacar que aunque el auto puede estar legalmente en EE.UU., en teorà ­a, hasta un aà ±o, eso no quiere decir que el turista que lo maneja o todos los que viajan en su interior puedan estar legalmente en Estados Unidos por todo ese tiempo. Hay que mirar las condiciones de la visa americana con la que se ingresa al paà ­s. Si se tiene una lser, el tiempo que se puede permanecer en Estados Unidos y los lugares a los que se puede viajar son ms restringidos que si se ingresa con una visa de turista. Si se tiene una de estas visas, verificar en el I-94 cunto tiempo es posible permanecer legalmente en EE.UU. Generalmente la estancia se permite por 180 dà ­as, pero puede ser por menos tiempo. Adems, si se quiere prolongar la estancia es posible solicitar una extensià ³n de la visa de turista. Seguro de auto mexicano en carreteras de EE.UU. Quiz el requisito fundamental es contar con una pà ³liza de seguro de auto que dà © cobertura, como mà ­nimo, para lesiones de ocupantes y daà ±os a terceros en sus personas y/o bienes. Y hay que obtener una certificacià ³n de esa pà ³liza en inglà ©s. En muchas ocasiones, este seguro mexicano no cubre eventualidades que puedan ocurrir manejando el auto en Estados Unidos. En este caso, hay que contratar uno que sà ­ brinde esta cobertura. Adems, es importante incluir en esa pà ³liza a todos los posible conductores que vayan a manejar el auto en Estados Unidos, si es que va a hacerlo ms de un ocupante del automà ³vil. Estos seguros se pueden contratar por un sà ³lo dà ­a, por meses o hasta un aà ±o. Es muy importante tener en cuenta que si se planea viajar por varios estados, la cobertura mà ­nima puede variar. Asegurarse de cumplir con las leyes estatales que se pueden consultar en el Departamento de Vehà ­culos a Motor de cada estado (liability, en inglà ©s). Varias aseguradoras mexicanas ofrecen este tipo de pà ³liza. Tambià ©n es posible contratarla cerca de la frontera, del lado mexicano.  Si la policà ­a para al auto, sin duda van a pedir que se enseà ±e esta certificacià ³n. Si se tiene alguna inquietud,  marcar al telà ©fono de la CIAM. Se puede llamar desde Estados Unidos y tambià ©n desde Mà ©xico.  Resuelven dudas de diverso tipo, incluidas las que afectan a seguros de auto  y son muy competentes en sus respuestas. Cà ³mo evitar problemas manejando en EE.UU. un auto con placas mexicanas El asunto del manejo en Estados Unidos de automà ³viles con placas extranjeras est regulado por ley federal y por las leyes estatales. La federal es el tratado de 1949 conocido como Inter-American Convenction Road Traffic. Si la policà ­a para el automà ³vil y uno de los ocupantes resulta ser un inmigrante indocumentado, es posible que el auto acabe embargado por la Policà ­a de Fronteras (ICE, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) y que acabe siendo subastado. Es decir, que el dueà ±o se quede sin su auto. En los casos de multas por una infraccià ³n de trnsito, es conveniente pagarla. En la actualidad, las computadoras en los controles migratorios de Estados Unidos estn conectados a una base de datos que se llama TECS que contiene, entre otras, informacià ³n que proveen los Departamentos de Vehà ­culos de los diferentes estados y estn notificando multas de trfico, aunque no es asà ­ en todos los casos. Finalmente, los  ciudadanos americanos y los residentes permanentes legales con licencias de manejar de los Estados Unidos (que es la que tienen que tener) no pueden manejar en el paà ­s un automà ³vil con placas mexicanas. Est prohibido, del mismo modo que los mexicanos residentes en Mà ©xico  no pueden por ley manejar en su paà ­s un auto con placas de los Estados Unidos. Tips à ºtiles para turistas mexicanos en Estados Unidos   Para evitar problemas muy serios como quedarse en situacià ³n de ilegalidad, cancelacià ³n o revocacià ³n de visas o que en el control migratorio simplemente impidan el ingreso al paà ­s, es necesario tener en cuenta asunto como con  Ã‚  cunta frecuencia se puede ingresar como turista a Estados Unidos  y tener muy claro quà ©Ã‚  pasa si se queda en Estados Unidos ms tiempo del permitido. Tambià ©n es interesante  saber  cunto dinero se puede  ingresar legalmente a Estados Unidos  y, si trae mascota, asegurarse de que goce de buen estado de salud y de que tenga todos los documentos en regla. Lo que se pide va a depender del lugar de procedencia y  del tipo de mascota.   A la hora de cruzar la frontera terrestre entre Mà ©xico y Estados Unidos es posible acelerar el paso por el control migratorio si se forma parte del programa  SENTRI. En los dems casos, conviene evitar los dà ­as y horas de mucho trfico, cuando los retrasos pueden ser enormes en los puentes internacionales.   Finalmente, se recomienda tomar este  test o quiz  sobre la visa de turista  para asegurarte de que tienes los conocimientos que debes saber para sacarla y conservarla.   Este artà ­culo no es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso especà ­fico. Es sà ³lo informacià ³n de carcter general.